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BOOKS ABOUT WOMEN & MUSIC
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Ethel Waters
b. 10-31-1896; Chester, PA
d. 9-1-1977, CA
Ethel Waters was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, into unhappy circumstances. Her mother was just 12 years old, and Waters was raised in poverty in Philadelphia by her grandmother. Still in her teens, Ethel was already divorced and working as a chambermaid for $4.75 a week when her friends convinced her to sing at an amateur night competition at a local club. She won first prize and a steady job, and soon she was performing on the black vaudeville circuit. She was billed as "Sweet Mama Stringbean" because she was tall and skinny.
Waters began to record blues songs at the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance in 1919, and by 1921 she was a huge star. Her single "Down Home Blues" sold more than 500,000 copies in six months, and she drew rave reviews for her Broadway appearances in two important black revues, Africana and Blackbirds of 1928. But she never lived in luxury. In fact, she gave away most of her money to Harlem's poor. "There's an old saying that charity begins at home," she said, "and all Harlem is home to me."
Ethel Waters career lasted much longer than the Harlem Renaissance itself. She remained a popular stage, screen, and radio actress for many years. In the early 1950s, she played the title role on the television show Beulah – the first national TV show that featured an African American as its main character. Waters also received two Academy Award nominations for her work in the movies Pinky (1938) and A Member of the Wedding (1953), and she wrote two autobiographies. She died in 1977.
• more Harlem Renaissance posters
• more Black Entertainers posters
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Mary Lou Williams, née Mary Elfrieda Scruggs
b. 5-8-1910; Atlanta, GA
d. 5-28-1981; Durham, NC (cancer)
Self taught pianist Mary Lou Williams grew up in Pennsylvania, working as early as age six to help support her large family. She wrote hundreds of compositions and arrangements, and recorded over a hundred records with such greats as Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman, as well as being a friend, mentor, and teacher to Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, and Dizzy Gillespie.
• Mary Lou Williams on Culture Map poster
• Piano Lesson collage by Romare Bearden
• Live at the Keystone Korner, CD
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Vera Zorina, née Eva Brigitta Hartwig
b. 1-2-1917; Berlin, Germany
d. 4-9-2003; Santa Fe, NM (cerebral hemorrhage)
Vera Zorina, who popularized ballet on Broadway and in the movies such as On Your Toes, was also the second wife of George Balanchine.
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