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MARINE LIFE & OCEANOGRAPHY
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Oceanography & Ichthyology Posters, Art Prints, Charts Index
for science, environmental, ecology, and geography educators.
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science > biology > zoology > ICHTHYOLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY < water < ecology < social studies
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The study of fish is Ichthyology, from the Greek ichthy=fish.
Oceanography, aquatic environment, sea life, and marine biology.
• “Environmental scientists have been saying for some time that the global economy is being slowly undermined by environmental trends of human origin, including shrinking forests, expanding deserts, falling water tables, eroding soils, collapsing fisheries, rising temperatures, melting ice, rising seas and increasingly destructive storms.” ~ Lester Brown
• “The city is a fact in nature, like a cave, a run of mackerel or an ant-heap. But it is also a conscious work of art, and it holds within its communal framework many simpler and more personal forms of art. Mind takes form in the city; and in turn, urban forms condition mind.” ~ Lewis Mumford
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The Coral Reef - The Great Barrier Reed, Coral Polyp Crossection, Fish, Shore Crossection.
Corals, marine organisms from the class Anthozoa, exist as small sea anemone-like polyps, typically in colonies of many identical individuals.
Coral reefs are large calcium carbonate structures built up from coral skeletons and generally found in shallow, tropical water. Reefs are diverse ecosystems.
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Hydrosphere: Water Cycle Poster
Poster Text: The movement and endless recycling of water throughout the Earth's ecosystem is known as the water cycle, or hydrologic cycle. Water from the Earth's surface is taken up into the atmosphere in vapor form. The water vapor condenses to form clouds and eventually returns to Earth as rain, sleet, hail or snow, depending upon atmospheric conditions. Water is then used by organisms, or flows through rivers to larger bodies of water such as oceans and lakes.
more - Water is stored in the hydrosphere in areas called reservoirs. These reservoirs include the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers, seas, glaciers, snowfields, and groundwater. Water is essential for life and many of these reservoirs provide water environments for living organisms. Wetlands, coral reefs and open oceans are examples of biomes in which water plays a major role. The tropical rainforest biome, which supports the majority of the Earth's biodiversity depend on rainfall to sustain its abundant life.
There are many types of watery environments. These range from freshwater ponds to salty seas, which contain three times the salt concentration of the ocean.
The largest water environment of Earth is the ocean. Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and are responsible for producing about half of the world's biomass (the weight of all plants, animals, fungi, and microbes in the biosphere). Most organisms in the oceans live at the .... ocean surface. Below 25 meters there is little light to support photosynthesis for plants, which are the building blocks for the rest of the food chain.
Wetland habitats support an immense diversity of life, from tiny microscopic organisms, to reptiles, to large mammals. By definition, wetlands are lands on which water covers the soil or is present often at or near the surface of the soil. In coastal wetlands and estuaries, the salt water and tides combine to create an environment in which only salt-tolerant species (halophytes) can survive. Inland wetlands include flood plains along rivers and streams. Marshes and wet meadows are dominated by grasses and other non-woody plants or shrubs while swamps are dominated by trees.
• more Eco-Spheres posters
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Marine Biome Poster
The marine biome is the Earth's largest and is divided into three categories: oceans, intertidal zones and estuaries. Life began billions of years ago in the oceans, and nearly all life forms of Earth evolved from single-celled organisms inhabiting the oceans. Today, the marine biome is the most diverse ecosystem on our planet. Algae from the oceans is responsible for most of the oxygen we breathe and the evaporating water from the oceans provides rain for the planet.
For purpose of study, the ocean is broken into many different zones. three of the most important are the open ocean ( or plagic zone), the deep sea (or benthic zone), and the abysmal zone.
The open ocean supports the greatest amount of marine life, and is home to many species of fish and marine mammals, plankton, and some floating seaweed.
Directly underneath the open ocean is the deep sea. Untouched by sunlight, this very cold and dark area still hosts a few forms of plant life, and mostly bottom-feeding animals and organisms, including starfish, anemones, sponges and various microorganisms.
The abysmal zone is the deepest part of the ocean. Deep-sea fish have low metabolic rates and reduced skeletal systems to enable them to withstand this extremely cold and highly pressurized environment. Many species of invertebrates and fish, including creatures that glow in the dark via a process called photoluminescence, also live in the abysmal zone.
The intertidal zone is created where oceans meet land. Crabs, clams, oysters and barnacles are just a few of the organisms living here. These creatures have adapted to the incoming and outgoing tides, as well as the pounding waves.
Estuaries are the areas where saltwater meets freshwater and are found all over the world. Bays, mud flats and salt marshes are all estuaries. These areas receive plenty of sunlight and mineral deposits from rivers and streams. Therefore, they are full of life. Trees, algae, seaweed, wetland flora and various species of invertebrates (birds, reptiles and crustaceans) live in this complex ecosystem.
• freshwater biome poster
• wetlands poster
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Crustacea
Crusteceans are arthropds - invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages that include such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles.
• more crusteans posters
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Mollusks soft-bodied, invertebrate animals that live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats, with a wide range of anatomical structure, size, and behavior.
Mollusk includes snails, clams, mussels, oysters, octopus and sea slugs.
• more mollusks posters
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Sea shells are the exoskeletons of marine animals that enclose, support and protect the animal living inside. The “South Seas” describe the Pacific Ocean south of the equator.
• more shells posters
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Aquarium Fish
An aquarium is a transparent container of water-dwelling plants or animals. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, marine mammals, and aquatic plants. The word aquarium is a combination of the Latin root aqua = water + arium = “a place for relating to”.
• pets posters
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Rachel Carson
b. 5-27-1907; Springdale, PA
d. 4-14-1964; MD
Rachael Carson wanted to be a writer, but a college course in biology inspired her to think about a career in science.
Carson was able to combine her two loves of science and writing, raising the warning flag about the danders of pesticides that she observed were killing fish, birds, and insects. Her first two books, “Under the Sea-Wind” and “The Sea Around Us,” describe the oceans and the life they contain, but it was “Silent Spring,” published in 1962, that made her famous.
• more Women of Science posters
• Rachel Carson posters
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Johannes Peter Muller
b. 7-14-1801; Koblenz, Germany
d. 4-28-1858
Ichthyologist Johannes Peter Muller is better known as a physiologist and comparative anatomist whose ability to synthesize knowledge from many disciplines increased understanding of voice, speech and hearing, as well as the chemical and physical properties of lymph, chyle and blood.
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Don Walsh
b. 11-2-1931; Berkeley, CA
Oceanographer, explorer and marine policy specialist Don Walsh, with Jacques Piccard (1922-2008), was aboard the bathyscaphe Trieste when it made a record maximum descent into the Mariana Trench on 23 January 1960, the deepest point of the world's ocean.
FYI - bathyscaphe means “deep boat”.
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• Lewis & Clark posters
“... Your observations are to be taken with great pains & accuracy, to be entered distinctly & intelligibly for others ...” Thomas Jefferson to Meriwether Lewis
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