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People in Astronomy - Astronomers, Astrophysicists, Astronauts
for the social studies and science classrooms, theme decor.
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science > astronomy > PEOPLE IN ASTRONOMY LIST | a | b | c | d-e-f | g | h | i-j-k-l | m | n-r | s | t-z < explorers < social studies
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, and astronauts* study the objects and phenomena that happen outside of Earth's atmosphere (Greek: astro = star).
Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences with archeological evidence showing ancient civilizations such as the Babylonian and Mayan measurement of time based on the periodical appearance and disappearance of celestial objects.
Astrology, which shares a common root with astronomy, is the belief that the position of objects in the sky can provide understanding about events in human life.
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In addition to preparing an ephemeris, a table giving the positions of celestial bodies at a given moment in time, the astonomer-priests of Mesopotamia put in place the division of the circle into 360º, the day into 24 hours and the zodiac into 12 signs.
• Middle East posters
• cuneiform print
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The Mayan, who were advanced in astronomical calcuations, recorded their observations in many books using their hieroglyphic script on a paper they made from the inner bark of fig trees. The Royal Library at Dresden, Germany houses the Dresden Codex, the most complete of the few Mayan books that survived the destruction of the Mayan literature by the Spanish conqueror.
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Jantar Mantar consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur, from 1724 onwards. There are five Jantar Mantars - literally translated as 'instrument and formula', in India (Delhi, Jaipur [functional], Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura [lost]).
The primary purpose of the observatories was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.
Among the structures are the Ram Yantra (a cylindrical building with an open top and a pillar in its center), the Jai Prakash (a concave hemisphere), the Samrat Yantra (a huge equinoctial dial), the Digamsha Yantra (a pillar surrounded by two circular walls), and the Narivalaya Yantra (a cylindrical dial).
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