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SCIENCE:
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
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Luis Alvarez
b. 6-13-1911; San Francisco, CA
d. 9-1-1988
Luis Alvarez was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.”
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Andre-Marie Ampere
b. 1-20-1775; Lyon, France
d. 6-10-1836
French physicist Ampere is one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The International System of Units (SI) of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him.
He is considered a “polymath” (Greek=one who has learned much), a person well educated in a wide variety of subjects.
• Electrodynamics from Ampere to Einstein
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Archimedes - Physicist, Engineer, Astronomer, Philosopher
b. 287 BC; Syracuse, Sicily d. 212 BC; Syracuse, Sicily
Poster Text: “Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth.” -Archimedes, commenting on the lever.
ARCHIMEDES is considered the greatest mathematician and inventor of ancient times. He is considered a physicist, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher. He made important discoveries in geometry, hydrostatics, and mechanics. Much of his work and results were not surpassed for over 1,500 years. Also an outstanding engineer, he formulate Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy and the principle of the lever.
• more Heroes of Science & Technology posters
• math posters
• astronomers posters
• The Archimedes Codex: How a Medieval Prayer Book Is Revealing the True Genius of Antiquity's Greatest Scientist
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Henry Edward Armstrong
b. 5-6-1848; London, England
d. 7-13-1937
Chemist Henry Armstrong is best remembered for his work on teaching science. Armstrong is the namesake for fornaphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (Armstrong's Acid), and for recognizing that affinities have direction and are not merely point particles.
Henry Edward Armstrong quote ~
• “... Talking will not make teachers – little more than the mere tricks of the trade will be learnt in the practicing school: real teachers will only arise when the training given in such as to develop thought-power and some understanding of the art of experimental inquirey.” - Papers on Education
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Isaac Asimov
b. 1-2-1920; Petrovichi, Russia
d. 4-6-1992; NYC
Biochemist Isaac Asimov is better known as a master of the science fiction genre and his prolific writing.
Asimov was also VP of Mensa International and The American Humanist Association.
Isaac Asimov quotes ~
• “The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds the most discoveries, is not ‘Eureka!’ (I found it!) but ‘That's funny...’” .
• “Outside intelligences, exploring the solar system with true impartiality, would be quite likely to enter the sun in their records thus: Star X, spectral class G0, 4 planets plus debris.”
• I, Robot poster
• Asimov's Chronology of the World
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Averroes
b. 1126; Cordoba, Spain
d. 12-10-1198; Marrakesh, Morocco
Averroes, known as Ibn Rushd, was an Andalusian-Arab polymath and master of philosophy, theology, Maliki law and jurispudence, astronomy, geography, mathematics, medicine, physics, psychology and science.
His school of philosophy is known as Averroism and he is considered the founding father of secular thought in Western Europe.
Averroes quote ~
• “Knowledge is the conformity of the object and the intellect.”
• Islam posters
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Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
b. c. 980; present day Uzbekistan
d. c. 1037; Iran
Persian Ibn Sina was the foremost physician of his time and is considered a father of early modern medicine as well as “the most famous scientist of . . . all races, places, and times.”
Known as Avicenna in the West, he was a polymath - learned in astronomy, chemistry, Hafiz (completely memorized the Quran), logic, mathematics, poetry, philosophy, psychology, physics, science, theology, a Sheikh (elder), soldier, and statesman.
Avicenna quotes ~
• “The world is divided into men who have wit and no religion and men who have religion and no wit.”
• “Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.”
• Islam posters
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Amedeo Avogadro
b. 8-9-1776; Turin, Italy
d. 7-9-1856
Physicist and teacher Amedeo Avogadro is most remembered for his contributions to molecular theory, including what is known as Avogadro's law. The number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions or other particles) in 1 mole of a substance, is known as the Avogadro contant.
There is also a lunar crater named for him.
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An alchemist at work -
The Swiss psychoanalysist Carl Gustav Jung came to understand the alchemical experiments as symbolic of inner personal desires and the collective unconsious of the late Middle Ages projected onto the outer material world.
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