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Marcel Breuer
b. 5-22-1902; Pécs, Hungary
d. 7-1-1981; NYC
Marcel Breuer, one of the “masters of Modernism”, pioneering the design of tubular steel furniture like the Wassily Chair. Breuer studied and taught at the Bauhaus in the 1920s.
• Marcel Breuer at Amazon
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Marc Isambard Brunel, FRS
b. 4-25-1769; Hacqueville, Normandy, France
d. 12-12-1849; London, England
Inventor Marc Isambard Brunel, was the lead engineer for the Thames Tunnel, the world's first underwater tunnel.
Built beneath the River Thames in London and opened in 1843, the engineering feat was accomplished with Brunel's 'tunnelling shield' that allowed the construction by covering the area to be excavated and thus protecting 36 laborers as the worked independently; propulsion for the device was a screw which drove the device forward in steps the width of a brick.
Marc Brunel was elected to the Royal Society and knighted for his service in the construction of the Thames Tunnel. While Sir Brunel was highly respected and honored, it was his son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel who is better known as an engineer.
• Thames Tunnel to Channel Tunnel: 150 Years of Civil Engineering
• one point perspective illustrations
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Charles Bulfinch
b. 8-8-1763; Boston, MA
d. 4-15-1844
Charles Bulfinch, regarded as the first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession, served as Commissioner of Public Building for the fledgling nation. His works of the original rotunda and dome of the U. S. Capitol, are the origin of the Federal style of classical architecture prominent in early 19th century America, and inspired by Andrea Palladio.
The first Architect of the US Capitol was William Thornton, the second was Benjamin Latrobe; Bulfinch was the third.
• The Architecture of Charles Bulfinch
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Daniel Burnham
b. 9-4-1846; Henderson, NY
d. 6-1-1912; Germany, buried at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago
Daniel Burnham was considered the preeminent architect and urban planner in America at the turn of the twentieth century. He designed the 22 story Beaux-Arts style Flatiron Building (1902) which considered one of the first skyscrapers.
Originally a nautical term to describe tall masts, “skyscraper” was applied to the very tall structures being built at the end of the 19th century in New York and Chicago.
Burnham and his partner John Wellborn Root (1840-1891) also designed the 21 story Masonic Temple Building in Chicago (built 1892), as well as the initial plans for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, which were significantly altered to become what is called the “White City”.
• The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City
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