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The Boating Party
Mary Cassatt -
b. 5-22-1844; Allegheny City, Pennsylvania
d. 6-14-1926; France
About the Artist: Mary Cassatt chose to be apainter when very few women dared to do that kind of work. ...
About the Portrait:
The Boating Party features one of Mary Cassatt's favorite subjects – a mother and child. ...
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Ginevra De’ Benci
Leonardo da Vinci -
b. 4-15-1452; Vinci, near Florence, Italy
d. 5-2-1519
About the Artist: Leonardo da Vinci many have been one of the greatest geniuses who ever lived. Not only was he a fine painter, he was also skilled at science, music, mathematics, architecture, and many other fields. Leonardo lived in Italy from 1452 to 1519, during the Renaissance – a time of great discovery in the arts and sciences in Europe. Years ahead of his time, Leonardo sketched plans for flying machines, a machine gun, and even a helicopter. Because of his many achievements, Leonardo has come to be the main symbol of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo's most famous painting is the “Mona Lisa” a picture of a dark-haired young woman with a very mysterious smile.
About the Portrait:
This painting, a portrait of a young woman named Ginevra De' Benci, one of Leonardo's earliest paintings, is less well known the the “Mona Lisa.” The name Ginevra means “juniper”. That is why Leonardo painted the spiky dark leaves of a juniper tree behind her. There is a mystery about this painting. Experts think its strange square shape may mean that the bottom of the painting was cut off. They think there may once have been a bottom strip that shaowed Ginevra's hands and more of her dress. Perhaps Leonardo didn't like that part and cut it off himself. No one will ever know for sure.
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The Lovers
Pablo Picasso
b. 10-25-1881; Málaga, Spain
d. 4-8-1973; France
Many people say Pable Picasso was one of the most important artists of our time. Picasso was born in 1881 in Spain, but he spent most of his artistic career in France. This famous artist was not only a painter. He is also well known for his drawings, sculputre and ceramics. In his 92 years, Picasso often tied his art to social or political events that he cared a lot about. He liked to change the style of his art, too. Sometimes he painted peaceful sceans that looked bery real. At other times he painted people and things in ways that looked very unreal and strange.
“The Lovers” is a beautiful example of the way Picasso painted during the 1920s. During these years, Picasso painted many large human figures in a stately, realistc way. In “The Lovers” the faces and bodies of the man and woman – and even the colors of their clothes – reflect the stronh, peaceful feelings between them. Notice that the lover's heads lean in the same direction, and that their left arms are bent at the same angle – more signs of a strong, silent “bond” between them.
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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec -
b. 11-24-1864; Albi, Tarn, France
d. 9-9-1901; Château Malromé
At the Moulin Rouge' is one of about 30 of Toulouse-Lautrec's illustrations of the famous Paris music hall. In the painting you can see Toulouse-Lautrec seated in the backgroung among his friends.
Few artists were more independent than Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. He kept abreast of all that was new in art, yet he followed no trends. Today, his name is synonymous with brightly colored posters and paintings of the “Belle Epoque” — the exciting whirl of social life that brought the 19th century in Europe to a close. Surrounded by costumed dancers, socialites, and the steamy night life of Paris, Lautrec observed all with an absolutely steady and dispassionate eye.
Lautrec was born in Albi in 1864 to parents of French nobility. At age nine he moved with his family to Paris, where he began his studies and showed an early talent for drawing. At age 14, he broke both thighs and contracted a bone disease that stunted his growth and left him permanently crippled. As an adult, his physical deformity and his love of flashy clothes made him an oddly striking figure. Lautrec was especially drawn to Montmartre, an ill-famed Paris district lined with bars, cafes, dance-halls, and theaters — a pleasure-seeker’s haven. He often used garish colors and grotesque exaggerations to convey the qualities of artifice and excitement that he saw in this atmosphere.
Line — not light or color — was the vehicle of Lautrec’s artistic genius. He could capture, in a few quick strokes of the pen or brush, the movement and atmosphere of an entire scene. A good example is his poster Jane Avril at the Jardin de Paris, produced in 1893. This uncluttered, linear style showed the strong influence of Japanese art. He diluted his oil paint strongly with turpentine, giving a pure, bright sheen to his colors. These paints applied in broad, sweeping strokes often allowed the buff color of his canvas or poster board to show through.
In later life, Lautrec’s sociable personality changed. He drank to excess and was repeatedly hospitalized for delirium brought on by alcoholism. He died in 1901 of an illness related to his alcoholism.
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Farmhouse in Provence
Vincent van Gogh -
b. 3-30-1853; Zundert, The Netherlands
d. 7-29-1890: Auvers-sur-Oise, France
Vincent van Gogh, the son of a Dutch pastor, did not decide to become an artist until the age of 27. Then, for six years he worked every day, teaching himself to draw and paint. He often went without food so that he could have paints and canvas. At first, he painted mostly dark, moody pictures. Then, in 1886 he moved to Paris. There he saw for the first time the exciting new paintings of a group of artists call the Impressionsts. Soon a complete change took place in Van Gogh's art. He began to use startling, bright colors and to express his feeling in swift, bold stokes of the brush. From then a force of excitment seemed to issue from his .... In his short life he producted about 750 paintings and 1800 drawings. Sadly Van Gogh suffered from mental stress for much of his adult life. He killed himself at the age of 37, just as his work was beginning to be recognized.
“Farmhouse in Provence” is a view of the France Van Gogh loved best – the beautiful, sunny South. In 1886, he moved to Arles – a small southern town whose people and graceful landscapes inspired him to paint his most vivid and powerful pictures. At first glance, we see a canvas in mainly yellow grain. But look more closely. The picture features all three primary colors – blue and red, as well as yellow. Notice how Van Gogh's brush strokes create motion and contrast. The thick, knee-high shafts of grain seem to lurch and sway. The spiky trees jut into the rolling softness of the sky. The flat, sun-baked path gleams in the light. Van Gogh once said he wanted to express the “eagerness of the soul by a sunset radiance.” That eagerness fills this sun-filled scene with remarkable energy and life.
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The Mill
Rembrandt van Rijn
b. 7-15-1606/7; Leiden, Dutch Republic (now Netherlands)
d. 10-4-1669; Amsterdam
Rembrandt was a Baroque artist whose masterful portrayal of complex emotions brought credibility and compassion to his art. Skillfully conveying feeling through gesture, expression, and a supreme command of light and shadow, Rembrandt meteorically rose to fame in his early 20s. His troubled and turbulent personal life, however, was riddled with tragic deaths and financial ruin incurred by his extravagance. Despite these burdens, he possessed a profound understanding of human nature and a brilliant technique which elevated him as an artist to universal significance, and which has immortalized his work.
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Young Woman with a Water Jug
Johannas Vermeer -
b. 10-31-1632; Delft, Dutch Republic (now Netherlands)
d. buried 12-15-1675; Delft
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